Remarkable Shrink: Macau desperately needs to diversify
Casinos.Shops.Feasting and revelry. As night falls, Revelry. As night falls,
dazzling neon lights light up the sleepless city - Macau, the world’s gaming mecca. However, under the glamorous surface lurks unrest and turbulence. For the past nine months, Macau’s casino revenue has dropped dramatically. Is this kind of scene in Macau comes to an end? It is a question to be answered.
by Akon Liu, Summer Li, Yvonne Gong
Casinos in Macau. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Macau is facing a crisis. The territory’s economy depends on gambling, more than half the tax income comes from gaming revenue. But in recent months, those revenues have dropped dramatically. In Feb 2015, gaming revenue declined by 48.6% compared with the same period last year.
The main reason appears to be China’s anti-corruption drive led by President Xi Jinping. The drop in gaming revenue aiming the targets of the campaign have been corrupt Chinese officials who have brought large sums of money to Macau to gamble away in the casinos’ VIP rooms. VIP rooms are the places with gorgeous views, luxurious decoration, and high-quality service. The guests who enter VIP rooms must commit to betting a certain amount of money.
Is it serious? And what happened to casinos’ VIP?
It was the new lowest record in history-- - the first time when the monthly gross revenue was lower than 20,000 million Mac au patacas ($250 million) since March 2011. “The slump in Macau's gaming industr y is very serious,” said Grant Govertsen, the principal analyst of Union Gaming Research in Macau.
“As for now, the decline mainly relates to VIP customers,” said Lawrence Fong, a professor at The University of Macau. The VIP gaming revenue has long been the major source of income for most casinos. However it has been deterred by the anti-corruption drive. The number of big-time gamblers (including some high ranking officials) has dropped significantly, contributing to the gaming revenue decline.
Indeed, approximately half the revenue from VIP rooms has disappeared. Some of Macau's VIP gamblers were surely on the target list of the anti-corruption drive, according to Govertsen.
And the VIP gaming, especially as baccarat VIP tables (the main VIP play form of most casinos) also dropped. As the authority statistics show, the revenue of baccarat VIP tables had a decline with this down trend, dropping by approximately 10.9% revenue from 2013 to 2014.
“We believe that some of the VIP customers who are no longer coming to Macau will, indeed, eventually return, it could be quite some time before this occurs,” Govertsen also said.
In addition, for targeting of illegal funds through gambling (especially those funds circulated by the VIP gaming rooms), the Chinese government has also restricted the use of the Union Pay, the only domestic bank card organization in China. It depressed the consumers’ gaming consumption including other consumption. Union Pay Card is accepted in 141 countries and regions around the world, including Hong Kong and Macau. It could be used as an agent, converting luxuries into cash for gambling.
The Cascading Effect of Gambling decline
With the gambling decline, the saled luxury items in the casinos has also been affected. In the Sands Cotai Central casino, a sales person at Tudor watches said the sales of watches priced at over HKD 100,000 has declined significantly, compared with the previous sales. However, sales of watches below HKD 100,000 have remained the same. Rolex has had a similar experience.
Even so, visitors from mainland China remain the main force of luxury consumption. “Almost 60% to 70% consumers are from mainland China,” said a sales person at of Yves Saint Laurent in Sands Cotai Central. At the door of the Chanel shop, people still wait in a line to purchase luxury items. And LV is still patronized by many mainland consumers.
Gaming revenue in Macau is closely connected with the government revenue. Once gaming revenue goes down, government revenues also declined with it. This means that the budget of some items would be changed. Lin, a postgraduate student from University of Macau, was told the budget of the library in the University of Macau would decrease, due to the slump in the government gaming taxes along with the decline in gaming revenue.
To reduce costs, the casinos have changed a number of policies. Free shuttle buses used to be a major feature of Macau’s casinos. However, some big casinos, including Lisboa, now make shuttle buses to the Border Gate with XXX available only to those who have gambled or have membership cards.
Other basic services have also been affected. Macau university student Claire Ding expressed her surprise about being charged for the luggage deposit at the Venetian Hotel, because it has been free for many years.
U.S. investors are the biggest loser?
Las Vegas Sands, Wynn Resorts and MGM Mirage — the big American players who entered Macau after the former Portuguese colony liberalized its gaming industry in 2002 have also been affected.
“The impact on the American casinos today is no different than the impact on the non-American casinos,” said Govertsen, ”As far as we can tell, all of the casino operators are being treated the same.”
“Anti-corruption in mainland China is just a political conduct recently. It is not directly aimed at Macau gambling industry, not to mention American casinos.” Professor Fong said.
However, University of Macau Professor Liu Shih Diing notes that the outflow of money to foreign companies is an issue the central government was definitely concerned about. “It relates to national financial security in some ways,” he said.
However, the US casino operators already have experience surviving a very negative operating environment (Las Vegas during the economic crisis in 2008/2009). “We believe the US casino operators are actually better suited to operate in a difficult environment,” said Govertsen. “The Chinese operators have never been through such a tough period before.”
Can Macau find a way out?
Ironically, gambling, the dominant strength of The Macau economy, has now become the biggest obstacle to its development. "Macau has been so reliant on gambling that it is virtually impossible to diversify away from this,” said Govertsen. Actually, this has been a complicated issue in Macau for a long time. From the perspective of the central government, ‘diversity’ has always been an important proposition for Macau’s development. During President Xi Jinping’s visit to Macau in December last year, it was stressed again.
Macau’s appeal as a venue for conventions and exhibitions is being fully promoted by the Macau government. Faced with the strong competence of exhibitions from Hong Kong and Cantonese areas, Professor Fong suggested that Macau should focus on expanding conference services, given its high-class hotels and leisure services.
Some travelers say they would still visit Macau to enjoy things other than gambling. Mrs. Zhang, a tourist from mainland China, said she was interested in Macau’s new entertainment projects, and they would visit Macau for its entertainment theme park.
Akon Liu, Summer li, and Yvonne Gong are graduate students in the Department of Communication at the University of Macau.
没有评论:
发表评论